Spring Durum Wheat in the Volgograd Region: Varieties, Yield, Prospects of Cultivation

УДК 633.111.1:631
DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2024.125.2.008.58-63

Irina N. Markova, e-mail: markova2460@gmail.com, Cand. Sci. (Agr.), Senior Agronomist-Breeder, ORCID: 0000-0003-4761-0554

Laboratory of Breeding, Seed Production and Nursery – «Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Afforestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences» (FSC of agroecology RAS), e-mail: info@vfanc.ru, 400062, Universitetskij pr-t, 97, Volgograd, Russia

Abstract. Currently, spring durum wheat is in little demand in the Volgograd Region, as it is significantly inferior in productivity to winter wheat. Since 2015, the Kamyshinsky division of the Laboratory of Breeding, Seed Production and Nursery of the FSC of Agroecology RAS has been working to identify valuable properties and productivity parameters of spring durum wheat varieties for further organization of breeding work. The article presents data on the study of zoned and promising durum wheat varieties tested in 2021-2023 in the competitive nursery of the Kamyshinsky division as well as data on the study of four new spring durum wheat varieties of local breeding. New varieties were bred using individual selection from the Valentina wheat of Saratov selection which split into Leucomelan and Erytromelan subvarieties. They were sown during competitive variety tests in four repetitions on plots of 25 m in size, with a production seeding rate of 3.5 million germinating grains per 1 ha. All new varieties exceeded or were at the level of the Bezenchukskaya 205 regional standard and old zoned varieties of spring durum wheat in terms of productivity and adaptive properties. The Tsitsarevna wheat had a maximum productivity excess of 8% on average over three years and significantly exceeded the standard. In 2024, the Tsitsarevna wheat was transferred to the State variety testing. Despite the obvious advantage of new varieties bred in the Kamyshinsky division of the FSC of Agroecology RAS, their yield is still not high enough to compete with the traditional crop of the region – winter wheat. Nevertheless, the high quality of spring durum wheat grain and the possibility of increasing its productivity allow us to hope for the demand for this crop in the future. Its new highly productive varieties may further affect the expansion of areas under durum wheat.

Keywords: spring durum wheat, breeding, selection, variety, yield, weight of 1000 grains, adaptability

Funding. The work was carried out within the framework of State Task No. FNFE-2022-0010 «Creation of new competitive forms, varieties and hybrids of cultivated, woody and shrubby plants with high productivity, quality and increased resistance to adverse environmental factors as well as new innovative technologies in seed production and nursery taking into account varietal characteristics and soil and climatic conditions of arid territories of the Russian Federation».

Citation. Markova I. N. Spring Durum Wheat in the Volgograd Region: Varieties, Yield, Prospects of Cultivation. Scientific Agronomy Journal. 2024;2(125):58-63. DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2024.125.2.008.58-63

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2024.125.2.008.58-63

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