Assessment of the condition of haplic chernozem after the application of biological products, humic substances, and ameliorants by biological indicators

UDC 631.465

DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2024.127.4.001.06-16

Nikita Stepanovich Minin, e-mail: minin@sfedu.ru, PhD Student, ORCID 0000-0003-1187-4291

Tatiana Vladimirovna Minnikova, e-mail: loko261008@yandex.ru, PhD in Biology, Senior Researcher, ORCID 0000-0002-9453-7137

Sergey Ilyich Kolesnikov, e-mail: kolesnikov@sfedu.ru, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Professor. ORCID 0000-0001-5860-8420

Southern Federal University, av. B. Sadovaya 194/1, Rostov-on-Don 344006, Russia, www.sfedu.ru

Abstract. The use of mineral fertilizers and pesticides often results in undesirable and irreversible consequences for soil quality. An alternative to the chemicalization of agriculture is the application of biopreparations, humic substances, and ameliorants. This study investigates how biopreparations, humic substances, and ameliorants affect the decomposition rate of wheat residues in soil, as well as their impact on the ecological status of the soil, assessed through microbiological and biochemical parameters. The study was carried out under controlled experimental conditions. Biofertilizers such as "SotkA chernozem", "Mycorad NEMATO 3.1 BAK", "Azotovit", "Mycorrhiza" and pesticides including "Trichoderma Veride", "Imunazot", "BIO-Complex Diatomite", "Polyversin" and potassium humate were applied to the soil. Shredded crop residues from winter wheat were also introduced into the soil with biopreparations. Ecological conditions were assessed by evaluating cellulose-degrading activity, catalase, dehydrogenase, invertase, urease, and phosphatase activities, total bacterial counts, the abundance of Azotobacter species, and the initial growth and development of barley seeds. The application of "Mycorad NEMATO 3.1 BAK" and "SotkA chernozem" most effectively stimulated bacterial population growth, increasing it by 128% and 121 %, respectively. "Azotovit" (115%), "Imunazot" (113 %) and "BIO-Complex Diatomite" (110 %) also demonstrated positive effects, although they were less effective than the first two products. The results show that the combination of biopreparations with post-harvest residues from winter wheat accelerated the mineralization of plant tissues and enhanced the germination energy, shoot length, and root system of barley. Furthermore, it significantly stimulated the activity of key enzymes involved in carbohydrate and redox Научно metabolism. The product "SotkA chernozem" exhibited the highest enzymatic activity, increasing invertase levels by 28 % and dehydrogenase by 3 5% compared to soils without crop residues. "Mycorad NEMATO 3.1 BAK" also had a positive effect on enzymatic activity, with invertase levels increasing by 24 % and dehydrogenase by 31 %. "BIO-Complex Diatomite" with crop residues increased invertase activity by 14 % and dehydrogenase by 18%, while without residues, these increases were 8 and 12 %, respectively. These findings can be used to develop effective biological preparations aimed at improving soil agrochemical properties and enhancing agricultural productivity

Keywords: biostimulation, model experiment, ecological state, enzymatic activity, microbiological indicators, winter wheat.

Funding: This research was funded by the Strategic Academic Leadership Program of Southern Federal University ("Priority 2030") (No. SP-12- 23-01), the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, the Soil Health Laboratory of Southern Federal University (No. 075- 15-2022-1122), and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation's support for youth laboratories within the Interregional SEC of Southern Russia (FENW-2024-0001)

Citation: Minin N. S., Minnikova T. V., Kolesnikov S. I. Assessment of the state of haplic chernozem after the application of biofertilizers, humic substances and ameliorants by biological indicators // Scientific and Agronomic Journal. 2024. 4(127). С. 06-16. DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2024.127.4.004. 06-16.

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