The Effectiveness of Intensification Techniques in the Buckwheat Cultivation in the Middle Volga Region Conditions

УДК: 633.12; 631.893.; 631.55.03
DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2024.125.2.007.52-57

Lilia R. Klimova, e-mail: li21@mail.ru, Junior Researcher, ORCID: 0000-0002-7333-2386
Fanusia Z. Kadyrova, Dr. Sci. (Agr.), Professor, ORCID: 0000-0001-7093-3269

Tatar Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences «Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences», e-mail: tatniva@mail.ru, Orenburg tract str. 48, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia
Kazan State Agricultural University, e-mail: info@kazgau.com, K. Marx str. 65, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Russia

Abstract. Buckwheat is the main cereal crop in the Russian Federation. Long-term breeding work aimed at increasing plant productivity has made it possible to create varieties with a potential yield of up to 4 tons/ha. However, the strong influence of hydrothermal conditions of the growing season does not allow this potential to be fully realized. One of the solutions to this problem may be the intensification of buckwheat crops. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the fact that for the first time the results of a study of the leaf fertilizing effect, harvesting methods and their combined use on plant productivity and technological qualities of grain are presented. The research was carried out in the fields of the Laishevsky municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan from 2019 to 2021. It is concluded that the Yashlek is an intensive type variety that responds well to certain intensification factors. Leaf fertilizing contributed to obtaining an additional yield relative to the control of up to 20...40%. The maximum return from leaf fertilizing was provided in years with a sufficient moisture supply regime. The most optimal time for non-root application of trace elements was the beginning of flowering. With single-phase harvesting, the grain quantity increases according to the experimental options to 14% or more by reducing losses. The maximum values of grain size were noted in the most favorable hydrothermal conditions in 2019 and on average in the variants with fertilizing during two-phase harvesting. The increase in the mass of 1000 grains was associated with an increase in the grains volume due to winginess and the membrane proportion in the total weight of grains. The weight of 1000 grains and the natural weight of the Yashlek buckwheat were most optimally combined in the variant with fertilizing at the beginning of flowering and during single-phase harvesting. The published data are part of a scientifically based system of buckwheat varieties of Tatar Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences breeding intensive cultivation and can be used by agricultural producers.

Keywords: buckwheat, harvesting methods, foliar fertilizing, trace elements, yield, weight of a thousand seeds, grain nature

Citation:. Климова Л. Ф., Кадырова Ф. З. Эффективность приемов интенсификации при возделывании гречихи в условиях Среднего Поволжья // Научно-агрономический журнал. 2024. 2(125).С. 52-57.
DOI: 10.34736/FNC.2024.125.2.007.52-57